郑州市地面沉降监测基岩标施工技术   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王刚  李莹  黄烜  于丽 《探矿工程》2018,45(4):82-86

根据区域地质条件,郑州市地面沉降监测网基岩标建标场地选择在淮河西路与西三环交叉口东南600 m的河南省地质环境监测院内,建标深度为732 m。地质鉴别孔孔深780 m,孔径108 mm,全孔取心钻进,施工的重点是保证岩心采取率,采用泥浆护壁回转钻进,根据钻进层位的岩性不同配置不同特性的泥浆;基岩标标孔孔深780 m,孔径311 mm,施工的控制目标是孔身质量和垂直度。采用三牙轮钻头宝塔式钻具组合不取心钻进施工工艺。取得了较好的施工质量,创造了良好的效益。  相似文献   

莺琼盆地中新统海相烃源岩地球化学特征及生烃潜力评价     

王元  李贤庆  王刚  徐新德  刘海钰 《现代地质》2018,32(3):500

通过有机碳测定、岩石热解分析、显微组分定量分析、饱和烃色谱、色谱-质谱等实验分析,对莺琼盆地中新统海相烃源岩的地球化学特征进行了研究,探讨了不同层位烃源岩的生烃潜力。结果表明：莺琼盆地中新统海相烃源岩有机质丰度总体较低,大部分烃源岩为中等烃源岩,有机质类型以Ⅱ2型和Ⅲ型为主,有机质热演化主要处于成熟阶段。烃源岩显微组分组成具有富含镜质组、壳质组+腐泥组次之、贫含惰性组的特征。烃源岩沉积环境主要为弱氧化-弱还原环境,具有陆生高等植物和低等水生生物生源混合输入的特征。莺歌海盆地梅山组烃源岩综合评价为中等烃源岩,生烃潜力相对较好,三亚组烃源岩综合评价为较差—中等烃源岩,具有一定的生烃潜力。琼东南盆地梅山组和三亚组烃源岩综合评价为中等烃源岩,具有相当的生烃潜力。  相似文献   

东濮凹陷膏盐岩对烃源岩成烃演化的控制作用及其石油地质意义     

陈湘飞  李素梅  张洪安  徐田武  张云献  万中华  纪红  郭振乾 《现代地质》2018,32(6):1125

东濮凹陷北部盐湖相膏盐岩极其发育,膏盐岩对烃源岩性质及生烃特征的影响研究薄弱。采用地质与地球化学相结合途径,探讨了含膏盐岩层系烃源岩特性及其成烃演化规律。结果表明,盐区与无盐区烃源岩的特性有很大差异,北部盐湖相含盐区深灰色、褐色等暗色页岩有机质丰度一般大于15%,有机质类型以Ⅱ1型和Ⅰ型为主,是区内主要的优质烃源岩;南部淡水湖相无盐区主要发育有利生气的Ⅱ—Ⅲ型干酪根,反映东濮凹陷烃源岩的质量及生烃潜能与膏盐岩的发育密切相关。观察到膏盐岩影响烃源岩的成烃演化进程,当膏盐层厚度为50 m时,生油窗的范围显著增加;随着盐岩厚度(>50 m)的增加,湿气窗的范围也逐渐增加;当膏盐岩厚度约400 m时,生油窗范围开始减小,湿气窗的范围仍有增加趋势。膏盐岩对烃源岩“生油气窗”的影响是基于其较高的热导率属性,通过影响地温场而实现。以地质解剖为依据,建立了文留地区含膏盐岩层系烃源岩成烃演化模式。东濮凹陷含膏盐岩层系烃源岩的演化特征对该凹陷及同类含膏盐岩盆地油气勘探具有重要指示意义。  相似文献   

山东省优质地下水资源评价研究     

贾德旺  冯亚伟  卜华 《地下水》2018,(6):12-16,185

地下水是水资源的重要组成部分,山东省作为我国的北方大省,近年来随着人口的增长和经济发展,地下水环境问题日渐突出,表现为水质型缺水和水源型缺水两方面。本文以山东省地下水为研究对象,对全省富水地段及已建水源地逐一进行水质评价及开采潜力评价研究,结果显示:山东省优质水占49.53%,主要分布在鲁中南山区和鲁东低山丘陵区,新圈定的优质地下水富水地段及有开采潜力水源地共计88处,优质地下水允许开采量184.095×10~4m^3/d,可满足一千余万居民生活用水需求。应急情况下富水地段(水源地)允许开采量为434.299×10~4m^3/d,应急开采潜力为279.295×10~4m^3/d,可解决两千余万人生活用水困难。  相似文献   

干旱地区水循环过程中的地下水化学特征研究——以蒙古国前巴音钼矿水源地为例     

杨闪 《地下水》2018,(6):40-42

地下水的水化学类型在径流过程中会不断变化,并在径流与赋存的不同状态下体现出不同特征,体现出不同的地下水运移规律。本文以蒙古国前巴音钼矿水源地为例,选取水源地范围内的19个钻孔水样进行分析,取得了主要阴阳离子、TDS和水化学类型等数据。通过对地下水化学的空间分布特征、TDS值的变化和主要阴阳离子的演化规律进行研究发现:研究区水源地地下水补给来源为大气降水,沟谷东部地区的水循环强度高于西南部地区,外围地区最弱,地下水的水平径流较弱小于垂向;受水循环强度影响沟谷东部形成地矿化度的HCO_3型水,西南部形成HCO_3·Cl·SO_4、HCO_3·SO_4·Cl、HCO_3·SO_4型水,沟谷外围地区形成SO_4·HCO_3·Cl、Cl·SO_4·HCO_3、SO_4·HCO_3、Cl·SO_4型水,干旱地区水循环强度和补径排条件的差异会形成不同的水化学类。  相似文献   

基于模型试验的泥石流坡面物源启动预警模型          下载免费PDF全文

乔建平  李明俐  杨宗佶  孟华君  姜元俊 《水科学进展》2018,29(1):64-72

为进一步探明银洞子沟物源区坡面物源启动机理与降雨的相关性,在进行详细的现场考察与工程勘察工作后选取了典型模型体,并采用20余组人工降雨物理试验方法将降雨强度与坡度设为控制变量,研究了4种坡形、5种雨强条件下,坡面松散物源的失稳机制及破坏模式。试验结果揭示了地表变形与地下物理力学参数变化的定量响应关系,并基于试验发生破坏的临界雨量,建立了银洞子沟传统I-D预警模型。之后提炼可靠预警参数(坡度、深部体积含水率),通过数学回归分析方法并采用Exponential模型,得出IGD、IGM多参数新型预警判别式,实现了传统I-D模型的有效修正,并具一定的可靠性和实用价值。  相似文献   

Using climate to relate water discharge and area in modern and ancient catchments     

《Sedimentology》2018,65(4):1378-1389

Models relating sediment supply to catchment properties are important in order to use the geological record to deduce landscape evolution and interplay between tectonics and climate. Water discharge (Q _w) is an important factor in the widely used ‘BQART ’ model, which relates sediment load to a set of measurable catchment parameters. Although many of the factors in this equation may be independently estimated with some degree of certainty in ancient systems, water discharge (Q _w) certainly cannot. An analysis of a world database of modern catchments with 1255 entries shows that the commonly applied equation relating catchment area (A ) to water discharge (Q _w = 0·075A^0·8) does not predict water discharge from catchment area well in many cases (R ² = 0·5 and an error spanning about three orders of magnitude). This is because the method does not incorporate the effect of arid and wet climate on river water discharge. The inclusion of climate data into such estimations is an opportunity to refine these estimates, because generalized estimates of palaeoclimate can often be deduced on the basis of sedimentological data such as palaeosol types, mineralogy and palaeohydraulics. This paper investigates how the relationship between catchment area and river discharge varies with four runoff categories (arid, semi‐arid, humid and wet), which are recognizable in the geological record, and modifies the coefficient and exponent of the above‐mentioned equation according to these classes. This modified model yields improved results in relating discharge to catchment area (R ² = 0·95 and error spanning one order of magnitude) when core, outcrop or regional palaeoclimate reconstruction data are available in non‐arid systems. Arid systems have an inherently variable water discharge, and catchment area is less important as a control due to downstream losses. The model here is sufficient for many geological applications and makes it possible to include variations in catchment humidity in mass‐flux estimates in ancient settings.  相似文献   

赣南狮吼山硫铁-钨多金属矿床H-O-S同位素组成特征     

李伟  于长琦  曾载淋  刘翠辉  贺根文  陈伟  邬思涛 《岩矿测试》2018,37(6):713-720

狮吼山硫铁-钨多金属矿床位于银坑-青塘整装勘查区北部,是赣南地区唯一大型硫铁矿床。磁黄铁矿-黄铁矿(-黄铜矿-白钨矿)矿体赋存于石炭系梓山组上段地层中含铁、含钙层位,主要形成于石英-硫化物阶段。本文通过分析原生矿石矿物中H-O-S同位素组成特征,结合Pb同位素和成矿年代测试结果,探讨成矿流体来源及成矿演化过程。矿石硫化物中δ~(34)S组成特征(-5. 50‰～-0. 20‰,集中于-3. 0‰～0. 0‰)显示,硫源以岩浆硫为主,较宽的变化范围预示成矿流体遭受了叠加和改造作用。δD-δ~(18)O同位素组成主要集中于岩浆水与变质水重叠区域(δD=-74. 4‰～-48. 0‰,δ~(18)O_(H_2O)=3. 76‰～10. 86‰),说明成矿流体以岩浆水和变质水为主,后期有少量的天水混入。综合分析认为,该矿床成矿流体主要来自深部岩浆水,岩浆热液与含钙地层的接触交代作用形成大规模变质流体,再加上少量的天水混入,流体间的不混溶作用使成矿物质在岩体与含钙层位接触部位富集沉淀,形成热液充填交代型矿床。  相似文献   

Interaction of crustal and mantle materials,sources of trace elements during the formation and evolution of Early Paleozoic Li-rich granite-pegmatite systems in southeastern Tuva     

L.G. Kuznetsova 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(12):1660-1678

We present new data on the age, composition, and environments of formation of granites of the Kystarys complex and the associated Li-rich rare-element pegmatites of the South Sangilen pegmatite belt including the large Tastyg lithium deposit. It has been established that they formed during the Early Paleozoic collisional orogeny in the Tuva-Mongolian massif at the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary. The granites of the Kystarys complex are moderately alkaline high-K rocks and are enriched in Zr, Nb, Y, and REE; therefore, they are classified as postcollisional, transitional to within-plate (A-type). The spodumene pegmatites of the South Sangilen pegmatite belt are similar to the above granites in age and isotopic and geochemical parameters, which suggests a paragenetic relationship between these rocks. Pegmatites form several pegmatite fields within the belt, which differ in trace-element signatures. In addition to predominant Li, Cs, and Ta, specific to all spodumene pegmatites (LCT family), pegmatites of two fields have high contents of Nb, Y, REE, and Zr, which are indicator elements of NYF family pegmatites. It has been established that the formation of spodumene pegmatites with combined LCT-NYF geochemical signatures was preceded by the intrusion of dikes of monzogabbro with the geochemical characteristics of OIB and of alkali aegirine granites and by the formation of associated metasomatites enriched in Zr, Nb, Y, and REE. Based on the geological, mineralogical, and geochemical data, we substantiate the hypothesis of the formation of Li-bearing granite-pegmatite melts from a mixed source resulted from the influence of fluids of an alkaline igneous complex of mantle genesis on the crustal protolith.  相似文献   

辽西金羊盆地北票组烃源岩生物标志化合物特征及意义     

孙求实  张坤  李永飞  郜晓勇  孙守亮  张涛  宗文明  孙鹏 《地质与资源》2018,27(1):69-76

采用气相色谱、气相色谱-质谱技术,研究了辽西金羊盆地北票组烃源岩的生物标志化合物特征,剖析其蕴含的有机质生源、沉积环境、有机质热演化程度等信息.金羊盆地北票组烃源岩样品的正构烷烃的正构烷烃分布图（m/z 85）峰型以"前峰型"的单峰态分布为主,表现出成熟源岩的分布特征;甾烷C₂₉-αββ/（ααα+αββ）值介于0.35~0.58之间,平均为0.50,表明金羊盆地北票组绝大多数烃源岩处于成熟阶段,部分已达生油高峰或高成熟阶段.Pr/Ph值主要介于1.0~3.0之间,表现出弱的姥鲛烷优势;Pr/nC₁₇-Ph/nC₁₈交汇图判识北票组烃源岩以Ⅲ型为主,三环萜烷呈C₂₀为主峰的正态分布,整体表现C₂₄四环二萜含量很高,C₂₄四环二萜/C₂₆三环萜烷比值基本都大于1,SZK01、SZK03井烃源岩的三环萜烷/藿烷比值都低于0.4,烃源岩伽马蜡烷指数分布在0.02~0.30之间,平均值为0.12,说明金羊盆地北票组烃源岩形成于偏氧化性的微咸水-淡水的浅水沉积环境,为典型高等植物输入的沉积相带.  相似文献